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ENGLISH PREFIXES & COMBINING FORMS
by TruAlfa and IndoDic.com
Sample Usage Prefix          Meaning / Effect
asocial; atypical; amoral a- (1) forms adjectives with sense of without; not; un-
amass; ascend a- (2) forms verbs denoting an increase; additional
ashore; afar; away; aloud a- (3) forms adverbs with sense of "on, in, into, to, toward"
afresh; anew a- (4) forms adverbs with a sense of redoing or renewal
abnormal; aberration ab- denotes being away from; deviating
adjoin; admixture ad- forms nouns & verbs indicating direction, tendency or addition
anticlimax; antiseptic anti- forms nouns & adjectives with sense of "against; opposed to"
automobile; automatic auto- forms nouns & adjectives with sense of "self action"
bicentennial bi- (1) forms nouns with sense of "every other one"
biweekly; biannual bi- (2) conveys sense of occurring twice in a certain time period
bicycle; bicameral bi- (3) denotes two
biological; biodegradable bio- denotes life or living things
bystander; bypass by- conveys sense of being near, next to, by
copilot; coauthor co- conveys sense of "together; auxiliary"
counteract; counterbalance counter- conveys sense of "against; contrary; reciprocating"
dehumidify; decapitate de- (1) denotes removal; separation
degrade; defame de- (2) denotes negation; descent
deactivate; declassify de- (3) denotes reversal
disown; dismount dis- (1) denotes apart; away
disrobe; disinfect dis- (2) denotes reversing
dislike; disbelief dis- (3) denotes negative
enshrine; entomb; enslave en- (1) forms verbs with the sense "cause to be"
entwine; encircle en- (2) forms verbs with the sense "to restrict"
entrust; enliven en- (3) forms transitive verbs
expatriate; exfoliate ex- denotes former; previous; from
extraordinary; extracurricular extra- denotes beyond; outside of
forehead; forecast fore- denotes before; in front of
gigabyte; gigahertz giga- denotes a billion
illiterate; illegal il- denotes negative; not
immoral; impossible im- denotes negative; not
inexpensive; inorganic in- denotes negative; not
interbank; intermingle inter- (1) denotes between; among
interact; interlock inter- (2) denotes mutually; reciprocally
intramural intra- denotes within
introduction; introspection intro- denotes inwardly
irresponsible; irreverent ir- denotes negative; not
malcontent; malpractice mal- denotes bad; wrongful; not
megabyte; megawatt mega- (1) denotes units of measure that are equal to one million of the units
megapolis; megaphone mega- (2) conveys a sense of being very many or much
microscope; microfilm micro- conveys a sense of extreme smallness
miniskirt; minibus mini- conveys a sense of smallness
midway; midnight mid- conveys a sense of being intermediate; middle
misprint; misjudgment mis- denotes being wrong; mistaken; not
monotone; monorail mono- denotes being single; one
multicolor; multimedia multi- denotes being more than two; multiple
nanosecond nano- being extremely small; one billionth
neocolonial; neoclassic neo- conveys a sense of being new; recent
nobody; nowhere no- denotes being without; not
nonactive; nonstop non- denotes absence; not having or not doing
outside; outcast out- (1) denotes exclusion; being not included
outdo; outbid out- (2) conveys a sense of surpassing; going beyond
overhang; overlap over- (1) denotes being above; on top of
overcrowded; overweight over- (2) conveys a sense of surpassing; too much
paraphrase para- (1) denotes being beside; side by side
paranormal para- (2) denotes being beyond what is normal
paramedic; paralegal para- (3) conveys a sense of being subsidiary; assisting
polygon; polyglot poly- denotes being multiple; many
postgraduate; postscript post- conveys a sense of being after; later
preschool; prepayment pre- conveys a sense of being before; prior to
prodemocracy pro- (1) conveys a sense of favoring; supporting
prologue; proactive pro- (2) conveys a sense of being prior; before
redo; repay re- conveys a sense of repetition; doing again
retroactive; retrofit; retrograde retro- conveys a sense of being backward; going back
self-esteem; self-reliant self- without help; in and of itself (usually hyphenated)
semiannual; semicircle semi- (1) denotes being half
semiconductor; semiformal semi- (2) conveys a sense of being partial; somewhat
subconscious; subscript sub- (1) conveys a sense of being under; below; beneath
subcommittee; subordinate sub- (2) conveys a sense of being secondary
supersede; supernatural super- (1) conveys a sense of being beyond; exceeding
superscript; superimpose super- (2) conveys a sense of being above; over
telescope; television tele- conveys a sense of being far; distant
topcoat; topless top- (1) conveys a sense of being covering; over
topnotch top- (2) conveys a sense of being best
transcontinental; transfusion trans- (1) denotes being across; through
transform; transfigure trans- (2) conveys a sense of changing
triad; triangle tri- denotes being three; triple
ultrasound; ultraviolet ultra- conveys a sense of being extreme; exceeding
unfair; unseen un- (1) conveys a sense of being negative; not
undo; untie un- (2) conveys a sense of being opposite; denotes reversal
underdog; underpass under- conveys a sense of being below; lesser
uplift; upheaval up- denotes a lifting up; a raise; moving higher
ENGLISH SUFFIXES & COMBINING FORMS
by TruAlfa and IndoDic.com
Sample Usage Suffix           Meaning / Effect
enjoyable; lovable; suitable -able forms adjectives from verbs with sense of "capable or susceptible of being"
annual; historical -al (1) forms adjectives with sense “of the kind of, pertaining to, having the form or character of"
refusal; denial; arrival -al (2) forms nouns of action from verbs
appearance; clearance -ance forms nouns from verbs with sense “characterized by or serving in the capacity of ”
contestant; servant -ant (1) forms nouns with a sense of being someone
lubricant; deodorant -ant (2) forms nouns with a sense of being something
distant; dormant; pleasant -ant (3) forms adjectives with a sense of doing or being something
burglar; scholar -ar (1) forms various nouns including occupations
circular; singular -ar (2) forms adjectives with sense “of the kind of, pertaining to, having the form or character of"
populate(v); consulate(n); elaborate(adj) -ate forms verbs, nouns & adjectives with various meanings
once; twice; thrice -ce forms numeric terms indicating a multiplying effect
delicacy; piracy -cy forms abstract nouns from adjectives
counted; worked -ed (1) forms past tense and past participle of verbs
winged; bearded -ed (2) forms adjectives from nouns indicating attributes
wooden -en (1) forms adjectives from nouns indicating attributes
broken; rotten -en (2) forms adjectives from verbs indicating attributes
children; oxen -en (3) forms plurals for some nouns
abstinence; difference -ence a noun suffix equivalent to "-ance", corresponding to the suffix "-ent" in adjectives
different; absorbent -ent (1) forms adjectives with a sense of doing or being something
deterrent; adherent -ent (2) forms nouns with a sense of being something
older; faster -er forms adverbs & adjectives of comparison
fishery; perfumery; shrubbery -ery forms abstract nouns from other nouns
stewardess; actress; waitress -ess forms feminine nouns
oldest; hottest; sexiest -est forms superlatives
doubtful; peaceful; beautiful -ful (1) forms adjectives with a sense of "characterized by"
cupful; spoonful -ful (2) forms nouns with a sense of "fullness"
beautify; simplify -fy forms verbs with a sense of "to make, to become, cause to be"
neighborhood; brotherhood; falsehood -hood (1) forms nouns of things with sense of "character, nature, condition, etc."
priesthood; womanhood -hood (2) forms nouns of persons of a class or character
childhood; adulthood; boyhood -hood (3) forms nouns indicating a time period in life
credible; horrible; contemptible -ible forms adjectives (equivalent to "-able" suffix)
poetic; scientific; artistic -ic forms adjectives with sense of “aptitude, characteristic of, in the style of ”
electrical; historical -ical forms adj similar to "-ic" suffix, with sense of “having ability or characteristic of ” or “in the style of ”
docile; volatile -ile forms adjectives with sense of capability or characteristic
smiling; crying -ing (1) forms present participle verbs that may be used as adjectives
building; sewing -ing (2) forms nouns from verbs expressing the action of the verb or its result, product, etc.
contrition; suspicion; creation -ion forms nouns denoting condition, process, action, etc.
yellowish; childish, British -ish forms adjectives with sense of "somewhat, rather so, characteristic of"
consumerism; alcoholism -ism forms nouns denoting action or practice, state or condition
dentist; conformist; conservationist -ist forms nouns that denote a person that is concerned with something or holds certain principles
capability; diversity; disability -ity forms abstract nouns expressing ability, state or condition
active; corrective; restive -ive forms adjectives & nouns expressing tendency, disposition, function, condition, etc.
customize; fantasize -ize forms verbs with a sense to make, convert into, subject to; give a special character or form
booklet; droplet; eyelet -let forms nouns with a sense of smallness or triviality
duckling; hatchling; underling -ling forms nouns with a sense of smallness or being diminutive
casually; carefully; gladly; hourly -ly forms adverbs with sense of "how done or when done"
agreement; judgment; ailment -ment forms nouns denoting an action, condition, product, result, etc.
kindness; correctness -ness forms abstract nouns denoting quality, state or condition
actor; creditor; juror -or (1) forms nouns denoting a person who does something or who has some particular function
error; pallor; squalor -or (2) forms nouns denoting action, state or condition, quality or property
dangerous; glorious -ous forms adjectives with a sense of having a certain quality
bravery; jewelry -ry forms abstract nouns from other nouns & adjectives
friendship; censorship -ship forms nouns denoting condition, character, office, skill, etc.
decision; invasion -sion forms nouns denoting condition, process, action, etc.
birth; death -th (1) forms nouns of action
length; depth; width -th (2) forms abstract nouns denoting quality or condition
fourth; sixth -th (3) forms ordinal numbers
alteration; location -tion forms abstract nouns
loyalty; purity -ty (1) forms adjectives denoting quality, state, condition, etc
twenty; sixty -ty (2) forms numerals denoting multiples of ten
departure; failure -ure forms abstract nouns denoting action, result, agent, instrument or apparatus
cloudy; dreamy; juicy -y forms adjectives with sense of "characterized by, inclination, condition"
Forming Plurals with "s"
books  {book+s} -s forms plural nouns
ashes  {ash+es} -es forms plural nouns
armies  {arm(y)+ies} -ies forms plural nouns
calves  {cal(f)+ves} -ves forms plural nouns
Forming 3rd Person Singular Verbs with "s"
makes; creates -s forms 3rd person singular verbs
touches; finishes -es forms 3rd person singular verbs
defies; cries -ies forms 3rd person singular verbs


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